Why is glucose low in CSF in bacterial meningitis?
The reason for the reduced glucose levels associated with bacterial meningitis was believed to be the need for glucose as fuel by infiltrating immune cells in response to infection. However, the possibility that the bacteria itself could manipulate glucose concentrations in the brain had not been explored before now.
Why does CSF protein increase in meningitis?
CSF protein concentration may rise due to 2 factors: either an increased permeability of the blood brain barrier allowing more protein and higher molecular weight proteins to enter the CSF or proteins may be synthesised within the cerebrospinal canal by inflammatory or other invading cells.
Is glucose high or low in bacterial meningitis?
One of the most characteristic abnormalities of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with bacterial and tuberculous meningitis is a decrease in its glucose content.
What does high protein in CSF indicate?
An abnormal protein level in the CSF suggests a problem in the central nervous system. Increased protein level may be a sign of a tumor, bleeding, nerve inflammation, or injury. A blockage in the flow of spinal fluid can cause the rapid buildup of protein in the lower spinal area.
What does pleocytosis in CSF mean?
In medicine, pleocytosis (or pleiocytosis) is an increased cell count (from Greek pleion, “more”), particularly an increase in white blood cell count, in a bodily fluid, such as cerebrospinal fluid. It is often defined specifically as an increased white blood cell count in cerebrospinal fluid.
What causes Hypoglycorrhachia?
Hypoglycorrhachia, a low glucose level in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is commonly associated with infections such as bacterial, fungal, and tuberculous meningitis 1. When tests for these infectious causes are negative, the diagnosis can be elusive.
Is glucose decreased in bacterial meningitis?
Meningitis can be caused by bacterial, fungal or viral pathogens. One hallmark of bacterial meningitis is reduced glucose levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients, which allows a physician to quickly begin appropriate antibiotic treatment.
What is pyogenic meningitis?
Pyogenic meningitis, also referred as bacterial meningitis, is a life-threatening CNS infectious disease affecting the meninges, with elevated mortality and disability rates. Three bacteria (Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis) account for the majority of cases 4,5.
Why is glucose high in meningitis?
Hyperglycemia can be explained by a physical stress reaction, the central nervous system insult leading to disturbed blood-glucose regulation mechanisms, and preponderance of diabetics for pneumococcal meningitis. Patients with diabetes and bacterial meningitis are at high risk for unfavorable outcome.
What does high glucose in CSF indicate?
Abnormal results include higher and lower glucose levels. Abnormal results may be due to: Infection (bacterial or fungus) Inflammation of the central nervous system. Tumor.
What causes high glucose in CSF?
Abnormal results include higher and lower glucose levels. Abnormal results may be due to: Infection (bacterial or fungus) Inflammation of the central nervous system.
Why is glucose normal in viral meningitis?
Abnormalities in CSF glucose concentration CSF glucose levels can be useful in distinguishing among causes of meningitis as more than 50% of patients with bacterial meningitis have decreased CSF glucose levels while patients with viral meningitis usually have normal CSF glucose levels.
What are the complications of pyogenic meningitis?
Main complications
- hearing loss, which may be partial or total – people who have had meningitis will usually have a hearing test after a few weeks to check for any problems.
- recurrent seizures (epilepsy)
- problems with memory and concentration.
- co-ordination, movement and balance problems.