Table of Contents
What is the most common complication of an acute MI?
The most commonly encountered mechanical complications are acute mitral regurgitation secondary to papillary muscle rupture, ventricular septal defect, pseudoaneurysm, and free wall rupture; each complication is associated with a significant risk of morbidity, mortality, and hospital resource utilization.
What does Mona stand for?
The mnemonic, MONA, which stands for morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerin, and aspirin, is used to recall the initial management of patients with chest pain (ie, suspected acute coronary syndrome). However, in the era of evidenced-based medicine, a review of this mnemonic is needed (Fig. 1).
How can I remember my heart medicine?
Remember the mnemonic “DAD BOND CLASH” for the medical management of heart failure.
- D: Digitalis.
- A: ACE Inhibitors.
- D: Dobutamine.
- B: Beta-blockers.
- O: Oxygen.
- N: Nitrates.
- D: Diuretics.
- C: Calcium Channel Blockers.
What are the signs symptoms and complications of MI?
Symptoms
- Chest pain that may feel like pressure, tightness, pain, squeezing or aching.
- Pain or discomfort that spreads to the shoulder, arm, back, neck, jaw, teeth or sometimes the upper belly.
- Cold sweat.
- Fatigue.
- Heartburn or indigestion.
- Lightheadedness or sudden dizziness.
- Nausea.
- Shortness of breath.
Which of the following complications is indicated by a third heart sound S3 )?
Third Heart Sound S3 Results from increased atrial pressure leading to increased flow rates, as seen in congestive heart failure, which is the most common cause of a S3. Associated dilated cardiomyopathy with dilated ventricles also contribute to the sound.
What is the heart valve mnemonic?
As blood flows from the atria to the ventricles, it passes through the tricuspid and bicuspid valves, also known as the atrial ventricular or AV valves. These valves then snap shut, making the first heart sound S1, or “lub” in “lub dub.”
What is D2B time?
Door-to-balloon (D2B) time is a measurement that starts with patient arrival to the emergency department (door) and ends when a catheter crosses a culprit lesion in the cardiac cath lab (balloon).
What are the possible complications of myocardial infarction?
Complications may occur immediately following the heart attack (in the acute phase), or may need time to develop (a chronic problem). Bradyarrhythmias and conduction disturbances are well-recognized complications of acute myocardial infarction (MI). They are induced by either autonomic imbalance or ischemia and necrosis of the conduction system.
What are the initial findings of mi with normal ejection fraction?
The initial MI may be mild, so patients may present initially with ruptured papillary muscle. In this presentation, the initial findings are often those of acute heart failure. Whenever a patient with heart failure is encountered with normal ejection fraction, be sure to investigate valvular function with color doppler.
What should be checked in a patient with high S/P mi?
It is reasonable to check electrolytes (especially magnesium & potassium) and EKG to look for any underlying causes that may warrant therapy. If the patient is hypertensive, treatment with a beta-blocker may be considered (especially if this would otherwise be a consideration). See the section on beta-blockade s/p MI here.
What causes torsade de pointes in MI patients?
This isn’t particularly common in MI patients, but may be caused by various medications (e.g., sotalol or dofetilide). Treatment is the same as for non-MI torsade de pointes (e.g. stop offensive medications, provide magnesium infusion). See the chapter on bradycardia. Generally due to lesion within the AV node.