Table of Contents
What is a polynucleotide chain?
A polynucleotide chain is composed of monomers of nucleotide molecules. The structure of DNA is two nucleotide molecules wound together. Even RNA is made of a single chain of polynucleotides.
How is a polynucleotide chain formed?
Nucleotides are joined together by covalent bonds between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the third carbon atom of the pentose sugar in the next nucleotide. This produces an alternating backbone of sugar – phosphate – sugar – phosphate all along the polynucleotide chain.
What is the function of polynucleotides?
Polynucleotides are used in biochemical experiments such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or DNA sequencing. Polynucleotides are made artificially from oligonucleotides, smaller nucleotide chains with generally fewer than 30 subunits.
What is called polynucleotide?
DNA is called polynucleotide because it is a long polymer of nucleotide molecules (a sugar-phosphate molecule containing nitrogen bases), held together via phosphodiester bond between adjacent sugar phosphate molecule and as well as a hydrogen bond between nitrogen bases of the opposite strand.
What are polynucleotides give example?
A polynucleotide is a combination of nucleotide monomers which are connected to each other through covalent bonds. A single polynucleotide molecule consists of 14 or more monomers of nucleotide in a chain structure. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) are examples of polynucleotides.
What is a polynucleotide chain Class 12?
Polynucleotide Chain: When a phosphate group is linked to 5′-OH of a nucleoside through phosphoester linkage, a corresponding nucleotide is formed. Two nucleotides are linked through 3′-5′ phosphodiester linkage to form a dinucleotide. More nucleotides can be joined in such a manner to form a polynucleotide chain.
What are polynucleotides made of?
How many types of polynucleotides are there?
two types
There are two types of polynucleotides (also known as nucleic acid) that are found in nature. They are ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living cells. Both DNA and RNA differ in their composition, structure, and function.
What are polynucleotides in biology?
What is the unique property of polynucleotide chain?
This model also reveals a unique property of polynucleotide chains – Base pairing. It refers to the hydrogen bonds that connect the nitrogen bases on opposite DNA strands.
What is the backbone of polynucleotide?
In the polynucleotide strand, the adjacent nucleotides are linked with one another by phosphodiester bonds. Phosphodiester bonds are formed between a phosphate molecule and two sugars. So, sugars and nitrogen bases act as back bone to the polynucleotide chain.
What is the composition of polynucleotide?
Polynucleotides are made up of long chains of nucleotides like DNA and RNA, while polysaccharides are composed of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkage and polypeptides are short polymers of amino acids linked together by an amide bond.
How many polynucleotides are in one molecule of DNA?
A DNA molecule consists of two long polynucleotide chains composed of four types of nucleotide subunits.
How are nucleotides bonded together?
DNA and RNA are composed of nucleotides that are linked to one another in a chain by chemical bonds, called ester bonds, between the sugar base of one nucleotide and the phosphate group of the adjacent nucleotide.
How many polynucleotide chains are found in DNA?
A DNA molecule consists of two long polynucleotide chains composed of four types of nucleotide subunits. Each of these chains is known as a DNA chain, or a DNA strand. Hydrogen bonds between the base portions of the nucleotides hold the two chains together (Figure 4-3).
Why is polynucleotide called nucleic acid?
Polynucleotides are polyesters of phosphoric acid with ribose (ribonucleic acids, RNAs) or with 2′-deoxyribose (deoxyribonucleic acids, DNAs). Because of their acid character, they are also known as nucleic acids.
What is A polynucleotide strand made of?
A polynucleotide strand is made of a sugar-phosphate backbone (like the string in a strand of flags) and a variety of bases (like the flags), one per nucleotide. A polynucleotide is made when a polymerase enzyme joins nucleotides together.
How many polynucleotide chains are in a chromosome?
A DNA molecule consists of two long polynucleotide chains composed of four types of nucleotide subunits. Each of these chains is known as a DNA chain, or a DNA strand.
How many polynucleotide chains are in RNA?
one polynucleotide chain
The nucleic acid RNA (ribonucleic acid) consists of just one polynucleotide chain.
What forms the backbone of polynucleotide chain?
polynucleotide chain a sequence of NUCLEOTIDES joined together. RNA generally consists of one polynucleotide chain, while DNA may consist of one chain (single-stranded DNA), or two chains bonded between the bases in a system of complementary pairing: adenine with thymine, guanine with cytosine (double-stranded DNA).
What is the sequence of amino acids in a polynucleotide?
The sequence of bases along the chain acts as a GENETIC CODE for the sequence of AMINO ACIDS of PROTEINS. Polynucleotide chains show polarity based upon the position of the bonds in relation to the sugar component. One end of the chain will terminate at the 3′ position, the other at the 5′ position.
What is the polarity of polypolynucleotide chains?
Polynucleotide chains show polarity based upon the position of the bonds in relation to the sugar component. One end of the chain will terminate at the 3′ position, the other at the 5′ position. See Fig. 257 . See also END. The two chains of DNA show opposite polarities (see Fig. 135 ). Want to thank TFD for its existence?
What determines the function of a polynucleotide?
The sequence of DNA or RNA species for a given polynucleotide is the main factor determining its function in a living organism or a scientific experiment . Polynucleotides occur naturally in all living organisms.